Soul food is bad for the heart
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For the video version of this post, click here. What diet do you ascribe to? If you answered I have no idea what you mean, then you can join the rest of the 80% of Americans who dont follow a specified diet regime. Sure, lots of us try to avoid fat, or sugar, or meat, but when it comes to defining the health benefits of a particular dietary pattern, its hard to label people.
Now an article appearing in Circulation from researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham suggests that a Southern style diet may significantly increase the risk of heart disease.
Before we get our pitchforks and charge over to Paula Deens house, lets take a minute to look how this study was done. The data comes from the REGARDS study, which was a large cohort study primarily designed to look at stroke risk factors. About half of the REGARDS cohort, 15,000 people, were eligible for this analysis and provided dietary data in the form of a food frequency questionnaire.
Whats cool about this study is that they derived the dietary patterns without any preconceived notions. Using a technique called factor analysis, they let the data speak for itself, and find which foods tend to hang together in the diets of individuals. Five major patterns emerged: the Southern diet (which is the focus of the study) was characterized by fried foods, eggs, organ meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Other dietary patterns included a plant-based pattern, a convenience food pattern, a sweets pattern and, my favorite, an alcohol and salad" pattern.
What I like about this study is that it doesnt force individuals into a specific category. The analysis allows your dietary pattern to be part Southern, part plant-based, for example. So were not in the situation of trying to label each person with one, and only one, diet.
After follow-up of around 6 years, greater adherence to the Southern diet increased the risk of incident coronary heart disease by around 35%. To stop one heart attack per year, youd need to convert roughly 1200 fried-organ meat gourmands to a healthier option, but that assumes there were no confounders at play. Clearly there were, as the southern dietary pattern was associated with male sex, black race, lower income, and diabetes. The authors adjusted for these factors, but its likely that other socio-economic factors including access to health care may play a significant role here.
In unfortunate news, the Alcohol and Salads dietary pattern, which describes my eating habits pretty darn well, had no relationship to heart disease in either direction. This may hurt sales of my upcoming diet book Alcohol and Salads: 20 blurry days to a better you.
The analysis doesnt allow for too much subtlety - describing anyones dietary habits using 5 criteria is limiting. In addition, the lack of signal in the sweets dietary pattern runs counter to a lot of prior research linking high processed carbohydrate consumption to heart disease. That said, I for one, am going to forgo that second helping of chicken-fried steak tonight.
In this piece, I look at a recent BMJ article that says that all the prior research regarding the health benefits of alcohol is due to inadequate controls. Cool idea, but is there enough power in the study to prove it?